Cluster A


According to the DSM-5, cluster A personality disorders include Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Schizotypal personality disorder.
Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) Diagnostic Criteria:

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading to the interpretation of their motives as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and evident in various contexts, as indicated by 4 (or more) of the following:

  1. Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them.
  2. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
  3. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them.
  4. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.
  5. Bears grudges persistently, being unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights.
  6. Perceives attacks on their character or reputation that are not apparent to others and quickly reacts angrily or counterattacks.
  7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or partner.
  8. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder, and is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.